Analytics Story: Active Directory Kerberos Attacks

Date: 2022-02-02 ID: 38b8cf16-8461-11ec-ade1-acde48001122 Author: Mauricio Velazco, Splunk Product: Splunk Enterprise Security

Description

Monitor for activities and techniques associated with Kerberos based attacks within with Active Directory environments.

Why it matters

Kerberos, initially named after Cerberus, the three-headed dog in Greek mythology, is a network authentication protocol that allows computers and users to prove their identity through a trusted third-party. This trusted third-party issues Kerberos tickets using symmetric encryption to allow users access to services and network resources based on their privilege level. Kerberos is the default authentication protocol used on Windows Active Directory networks since the introduction of Windows Server 2003. With Kerberos being the backbone of Windows authentication, it is commonly abused by adversaries across the different phases of a breach including initial access, privilege escalation, defense evasion, credential access, lateral movement, etc. This Analytic Story groups detection use cases in which the Kerberos protocol is abused. Defenders can leverage these analytics to detect and hunt for adversaries engaging in Kerberos based attacks.

Detections

Name ▲▼	Technique ▲▼	Type ▲▼
Disabled Kerberos Pre-Authentication Discovery With Get-ADUser	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets, AS-REP Roasting	TTP
Disabled Kerberos Pre-Authentication Discovery With PowerView	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets, AS-REP Roasting	TTP
Kerberoasting spn request with RC4 encryption	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets, Kerberoasting	TTP
Kerberos Pre-Authentication Flag Disabled in UserAccountControl	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets, AS-REP Roasting	TTP
Kerberos Pre-Authentication Flag Disabled with PowerShell	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets, AS-REP Roasting	TTP
Kerberos Service Ticket Request Using RC4 Encryption	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets, Golden Ticket	TTP
Kerberos TGT Request Using RC4 Encryption	Use Alternate Authentication Material	TTP
Kerberos User Enumeration	Gather Victim Identity Information, Email Addresses	Anomaly
Mimikatz PassTheTicket CommandLine Parameters	Use Alternate Authentication Material, Pass the Ticket	TTP
PetitPotam Suspicious Kerberos TGT Request	OS Credential Dumping	TTP
Rubeus Command Line Parameters	Use Alternate Authentication Material, Pass the Ticket, Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets, Kerberoasting, AS-REP Roasting	TTP
Rubeus Kerberos Ticket Exports Through Winlogon Access	Use Alternate Authentication Material, Pass the Ticket	TTP
ServicePrincipalNames Discovery with PowerShell	Kerberoasting	TTP
ServicePrincipalNames Discovery with SetSPN	Kerberoasting	TTP
Suspicious Kerberos Service Ticket Request	Valid Accounts, Domain Accounts	TTP
Suspicious Ticket Granting Ticket Request	Valid Accounts, Domain Accounts	Hunting
Unknown Process Using The Kerberos Protocol	Use Alternate Authentication Material	TTP
Unusual Number of Computer Service Tickets Requested	Valid Accounts	Hunting
Unusual Number of Kerberos Service Tickets Requested	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets, Kerberoasting	Anomaly
Windows Computer Account Created by Computer Account	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets	TTP
Windows Computer Account Requesting Kerberos Ticket	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets	TTP
Windows Computer Account With SPN	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets	TTP
Windows Domain Admin Impersonation Indicator	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets	TTP
Windows Get-AdComputer Unconstrained Delegation Discovery	Remote System Discovery	TTP
Windows Kerberos Local Successful Logon	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets	TTP
Windows Multiple Disabled Users Failed To Authenticate Wth Kerberos	Password Spraying, Brute Force	TTP
Windows Multiple Invalid Users Fail To Authenticate Using Kerberos	Password Spraying, Brute Force	TTP
Windows Multiple Users Failed To Authenticate Using Kerberos	Password Spraying, Brute Force	TTP
Windows PowerView Constrained Delegation Discovery	Remote System Discovery	TTP
Windows PowerView Kerberos Service Ticket Request	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets, Kerberoasting	TTP
Windows PowerView SPN Discovery	Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets, Kerberoasting	TTP
Windows PowerView Unconstrained Delegation Discovery	Remote System Discovery	TTP
Windows Unusual Count Of Disabled Users Failed Auth Using Kerberos	Password Spraying, Brute Force	Anomaly
Windows Unusual Count Of Invalid Users Fail To Auth Using Kerberos	Password Spraying, Brute Force	Anomaly
Windows Unusual Count Of Users Failed To Auth Using Kerberos	Password Spraying, Brute Force	Anomaly

Data Sources

Name ▲▼	Platform ▲▼	Sourcetype ▲▼	Source ▲▼
CrowdStrike ProcessRollup2	N/A	`crowdstrike:events:sensor`	`crowdstrike`
Powershell Script Block Logging 4104	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-PowerShell/Operational`
Sysmon EventID 1	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational`
Sysmon EventID 10	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational`
Sysmon EventID 3	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational`
Windows Event Log Security 4624	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Security`
Windows Event Log Security 4627	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Security`
Windows Event Log Security 4688	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Security`
Windows Event Log Security 4738	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Security`
Windows Event Log Security 4741	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Security`
Windows Event Log Security 4768	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Security`
Windows Event Log Security 4769	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Security`
Windows Event Log Security 4771	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Security`
Windows Event Log Security 4781	Windows	`xmlwineventlog`	`XmlWinEventLog:Security`

References

Source: GitHub | Version: 1