Detection: MS Exchange Mailbox Replication service writing Active Server Pages

EXPERIMENTAL DETECTION

This detection status is set to experimental. The Splunk Threat Research team has not yet fully tested, simulated, or built comprehensive datasets for this detection. As such, this analytic is not officially supported. If you have any questions or concerns, please reach out to us at research@splunk.com.

Updated Date: 2024-10-17 ID: 985f322c-57a5-11ec-b9ac-acde48001122 Author: Michael Haag, Splunk Type: TTP Product: Splunk Enterprise Security

Description

The following analytic identifies the creation of suspicious .aspx files in specific directories associated with Exchange exploitation by the HAFNIUM group and the ProxyShell vulnerability. It detects this activity by monitoring the MSExchangeMailboxReplication.exe process, which typically does not write .aspx files. This behavior is significant as it may indicate an active exploitation attempt on Exchange servers. If confirmed malicious, attackers could gain unauthorized access, execute arbitrary code, or maintain persistence within the environment. Immediate investigation and remediation are crucial to prevent further compromise.

Search

 1
 2| tstats `security_content_summariesonly` count FROM datamodel=Endpoint.Processes where Processes.process_name=MSExchangeMailboxReplication.exe  by _time span=1h Processes.process_id Processes.process_name Processes.process_guid Processes.dest 
 3| `drop_dm_object_name(Processes)` 
 4| join process_guid, _time [
 5| tstats `security_content_summariesonly` count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime FROM datamodel=Endpoint.Filesystem where Filesystem.file_path IN ("*\\HttpProxy\\owa\\auth\\*", "*\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\aspnet_client\\*", "*\\HttpProxy\\OAB\\*") Filesystem.file_name="*.aspx" by _time span=1h Filesystem.dest Filesystem.file_create_time Filesystem.file_name Filesystem.file_path 
 6| `drop_dm_object_name(Filesystem)` 
 7| fields _time dest file_create_time file_name file_path process_name process_path process process_guid] 
 8| dedup file_create_time 
 9| table dest file_create_time, file_name, file_path, process_name 
10| `ms_exchange_mailbox_replication_service_writing_active_server_pages_filter`

Data Source

Name	Platform	Sourcetype	Source
Sysmon EventID 1	Windows	`'xmlwineventlog'`	`'XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational'`
Sysmon EventID 11	Windows	`'xmlwineventlog'`	`'XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational'`

Macros Used

Name	Value
security_content_summariesonly	`summariesonly=`summariesonly_config `allow_old_summaries=`oldsummaries_config `fillnull_value=`fillnull_config``
ms_exchange_mailbox_replication_service_writing_active_server_pages_filter	`search *`

ms_exchange_mailbox_replication_service_writing_active_server_pages_filter is an empty macro by default. It allows the user to filter out any results (false positives) without editing the SPL.

Annotations

- MITRE ATT&CK

+ Kill Chain Phases

+ NIST

+ CIS

- Threat Actors

ID	Technique	Tactic
T1505	Server Software Component	Persistence
T1505.003	Web Shell	Persistence
T1190	Exploit Public-Facing Application	Initial Access
T1133	External Remote Services	Initial Access

KillChainPhase.DELIVERY

KillChainPhase.INSTALLATION

NistCategory.DE_CM

Cis18Value.CIS_10

APT28

APT29

APT32

APT38

APT39

APT5

Agrius

BackdoorDiplomacy

CURIUM

Deep Panda

Dragonfly

Ember Bear

FIN13

Fox Kitten

GALLIUM

HAFNIUM

Kimsuky

Leviathan

Magic Hound

Moses Staff

OilRig

Sandworm Team

Threat Group-3390

Tonto Team

Tropic Trooper

Volatile Cedar

Volt Typhoon

APT28

APT29

APT39

APT41

APT5

Agrius

Axiom

BackdoorDiplomacy

BlackTech

Blue Mockingbird

Cinnamon Tempest

Dragonfly

Earth Lusca

Ember Bear

FIN13

FIN7

Fox Kitten

GALLIUM

GOLD SOUTHFIELD

HAFNIUM

INC Ransom

Ke3chang

Kimsuky

Magic Hound

Moses Staff

MuddyWater

Play

Rocke

Sandworm Team

Threat Group-3390

ToddyCat

Volatile Cedar

Volt Typhoon

Winter Vivern

menuPass

APT18

APT28

APT29

APT41

Akira

Chimera

Dragonfly

Ember Bear

FIN13

FIN5

GALLIUM

GOLD SOUTHFIELD

Ke3chang

Kimsuky

LAPSUS$

Leviathan

OilRig

Play

Sandworm Team

Scattered Spider

TeamTNT

Threat Group-3390

Volt Typhoon

Wizard Spider

Default Configuration

This detection is configured by default in Splunk Enterprise Security to run with the following settings:

Setting	Value
Disabled	true
Cron Schedule	`0 * * * *`
Earliest Time	`-70m@m`
Latest Time	`-10m@m`
Schedule Window	`auto`
Creates Notable	Yes
Rule Title	`%name%`
Rule Description	`%description%`
Notable Event Fields	user, dest
Creates Risk Event	True

This configuration file applies to all detections of type TTP. These detections will use Risk Based Alerting and generate Notable Events.

Implementation

To successfully implement this search you need to be ingesting information on process that include the name of the process responsible for the changes from your endpoints into the Endpoint datamodel in the Processes node and Filesystem node.

Known False Positives

The query is structured in a way that action (read, create) is not defined. Review the results of this query, filter, and tune as necessary. It may be necessary to generate this query specific to your endpoint product.

Associated Analytic Story

Risk Based Analytics (RBA)

Risk Message	Risk Score	Impact	Confidence
A file - $file_name$ was written to disk that is related to IIS exploitation related to ProxyShell. Review further file modifications on endpoint $dest$ by user $user$.	81	90	90

The Risk Score is calculated by the following formula: Risk Score = (Impact * Confidence/100). Initial Confidence and Impact is set by the analytic author.

References

https://redcanary.com/blog/blackbyte-ransomware/

Detection Testing

Test Type	Status	Dataset	Source	Sourcetype
Validation	Not Applicable	N/A	N/A	N/A
Unit	❌ Failing	N/A	`N/A`	`N/A`
Integration	❌ Failing	N/A	`N/A`	`N/A`

Replay any dataset to Splunk Enterprise by using our replay.py tool or the UI. Alternatively you can replay a dataset into a Splunk Attack Range

Source: GitHub | Version: 3