Detection: AWS Exfiltration via EC2 Snapshot

Updated Date: 2024-09-30 ID: ac90b339-13fc-4f29-a18c-4abbba1f2171 Author: Bhavin Patel, Splunk Type: TTP Product: Splunk Enterprise Security

Description

The following analytic detects a series of AWS API calls related to EC2 snapshots within a short time window, indicating potential exfiltration via EC2 Snapshot modifications. It leverages AWS CloudTrail logs to identify actions such as creating, describing, and modifying snapshot attributes. This activity is significant as it may indicate an attacker attempting to exfiltrate data by sharing EC2 snapshots externally. If confirmed malicious, the attacker could gain access to sensitive information stored in the snapshots, leading to data breaches and potential compliance violations.

1`cloudtrail` eventName IN ("CreateSnapshot", "DescribeSnapshotAttribute", "ModifySnapshotAttribute", "DeleteSnapshot") src_ip !="guardduty.amazonaws.com" 
2|  bin _time span=5m 
3|  stats count dc(eventName) as distinct_api_calls values(eventName)  values(requestParameters.attributeType) as attributeType values(requestParameters.createVolumePermission.add.items{}.userId) as aws_account_id_added values(userAgent) as userAgent by _time userName src_ip aws_account_id 
4| where distinct_api_calls >= 2 
5| `aws_exfiltration_via_ec2_snapshot_filter`

Data Source

Name Platform Sourcetype Source
AWS CloudTrail CreateSnapshot AWS icon AWS 'aws:cloudtrail' 'aws_cloudtrail'
AWS CloudTrail DeleteSnapshot AWS icon AWS 'aws:cloudtrail' 'aws_cloudtrail'
AWS CloudTrail ModifySnapshotAttribute AWS icon AWS 'aws:cloudtrail' 'aws_cloudtrail'

Macros Used

Name Value
cloudtrail sourcetype=aws:cloudtrail
aws_exfiltration_via_ec2_snapshot_filter search *
aws_exfiltration_via_ec2_snapshot_filter is an empty macro by default. It allows the user to filter out any results (false positives) without editing the SPL.

Annotations

- MITRE ATT&CK
+ Kill Chain Phases
+ NIST
+ CIS
- Threat Actors
ID Technique Tactic
T1537 Transfer Data to Cloud Account Exfiltration
KillChainPhase.ACTIONS_ON_OBJECTIVES
NistCategory.DE_CM
Cis18Value.CIS_10
INC Ransom
RedCurl

Default Configuration

This detection is configured by default in Splunk Enterprise Security to run with the following settings:

Setting Value
Disabled true
Cron Schedule 0 * * * *
Earliest Time -70m@m
Latest Time -10m@m
Schedule Window auto
Creates Notable Yes
Rule Title %name%
Rule Description %description%
Notable Event Fields user, dest
Creates Risk Event True
This configuration file applies to all detections of type TTP. These detections will use Risk Based Alerting and generate Notable Events.

Implementation

You must install splunk AWS add on and Splunk App for AWS. This search works with AWS CloudTrail logs. We have intentionally removed guardduty.amazonaws.com from src_ip to remove false positives caused by guard duty. We recommend you adjust the time window as per your environment.

Known False Positives

It is possible that an AWS admin has legitimately shared a snapshot with an other account for a specific purpose. Please check any recent change requests filed in your organization.

Associated Analytic Story

Risk Based Analytics (RBA)

Risk Message Risk Score Impact Confidence
Potential AWS EC2 Exfiltration detected on account id - $aws_account_id$ by user $userName$ from src_ip $src_ip$ 64 80 80
The Risk Score is calculated by the following formula: Risk Score = (Impact * Confidence/100). Initial Confidence and Impact is set by the analytic author.

References

Detection Testing

Test Type Status Dataset Source Sourcetype
Validation ✅ Passing N/A N/A N/A
Unit ✅ Passing Dataset aws_cloudtrail aws:cloudtrail
Integration ✅ Passing Dataset aws_cloudtrail aws:cloudtrail

Replay any dataset to Splunk Enterprise by using our replay.py tool or the UI. Alternatively you can replay a dataset into a Splunk Attack Range

Source: GitHub | Version: 3